氯胺酮:修订间差异
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氯胺酮(ketamine),为一种具有镇痛作用的静脉全身麻醉药。药理学属[[解离性麻醉剂]],作为[[NMDA受体拮抗剂]]发挥效用,化学属[[苯环己哌啶]]衍生物。 |
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| image = Structure_of_ketamine.svg |
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[[文件:Ketamine.png|缩略图|氯胺酮的化学结构]] |
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<!-- 化学数据 --> |
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| C=13 | H=16 | Cl=1 | N=1 | O=1 |
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|IUPAC_name = (<i>RS</i>)-2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(甲基氨基)环己酮 |
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=== 合成 === |
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|PubChem = 3821 |
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| CAS_number = 6740-88-1 |
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| CAS_supplemental = (消旋体) |
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| CAS_number2 = 33643-46-8 |
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| CAS_supplemental2 = (右旋体) |
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| CAS_number3 = 33643-49-1 |
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| CAS_supplemental3 = (左旋体) |
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| CAS_number4 = 1867-66-9 |
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| CAS_supplemental4 = (盐酸盐) |
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| NMDAR_action = antagonist |
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| NMDAR_Binding_site = MK-801/PCP |
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| NMDAR_Ki = 0.25~0.66 |
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| NMDAR_refs = <ref name="pmid28829612">{{cite journal | vauthors = Morris PJ, Moaddel R, Zanos P, Moore CE, Gould TD, Zarate CA, Thomas CJ | title = Synthesis and N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Activity of Ketamine Metabolites | journal = Organic Letters | volume = 19 | issue = 17 | pages = 4572–4575 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 28829612 | pmc = 5641405 | doi = 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02177 }}</ref><ref name="pmid23527166">{{cite journal |author1-link= Bryan Roth | vauthors = Roth BL, Gibbons S, Arunotayanun W, Huang XP, Setola V, Treble R, Iversen L | title = The ketamine analogue methoxetamine and 3- and 4-methoxy analogues of phencyclidine are high affinity and selective ligands for the glutamate NMDA receptor | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = e59334 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23527166 | pmc = 3602154 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0059334 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...859334R | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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'''氯胺酮'''(Ketamine),是一种[[NMDA受体拮抗剂]],与[[苯环己哌啶]]有关。 |
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== 合成<ref>{{cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106478367B/zh |title=CN106478367B - 一种合成氯胺酮的中间体化合物以及氯胺酮的合成方法 |language=Chinese |date=2016-09-30 }}</ref> == |
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1:邻溴氯苯+正丁基锂=邻氯苯基锂 |
1:邻溴氯苯+正丁基锂=邻氯苯基锂 |
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6: 2-氨基-2-(2-氯苯)环乙酮+甲醛+醋酸+氰基硼氢化钠=氯胺酮(产率约65%) |
6: 2-氨基-2-(2-氯苯)环乙酮+甲醛+醋酸+氰基硼氢化钠=氯胺酮(产率约65%) |
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== 参考文献 == |
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详细参考 ''CN106478367B'' |
2024年11月8日 (五) 03:08的版本
化学数据 | |
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化学式 | C13H16ClNO |
摩尔质量 | 237.73 g·mol−1 |
识别信息 | |
IUPAC名称 | (RS)-2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(甲基氨基)环己酮 |
CAS号 |
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PubChem CID | |
药理数据 | |
NMDAR(↓) [1][2] |
别名 | |
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氯胺酮(Ketamine),是一种NMDA受体拮抗剂,与苯环己哌啶有关。
合成[3]
1:邻溴氯苯+正丁基锂=邻氯苯基锂
2:邻氯苯基锂+氧化环乙烯(氯化镁,温度-20~-110摄氏度)=2-(2-氯苯)环乙醇(产率约86%)
3: 2-(2-氯苯)环乙醇+戴斯马丁氧化剂= 2-(2-氯苯)环乙酮(产率约90%)
4: 2-(2-氯苯)环乙酮+硝酸铜(氯化铁)=2-硝基-2-(2-氯苯)环乙酮(产率约51%)
5: 2-硝基-2-(2-氯苯)环乙酮+醋酸+锌(粉状)= 2-氨基-2-(2-氯苯)环乙酮(产率约89%)
6: 2-氨基-2-(2-氯苯)环乙酮+甲醛+醋酸+氰基硼氢化钠=氯胺酮(产率约65%)
参考文献
- ↑ Morris PJ, Moaddel R, Zanos P, Moore CE, Gould TD, Zarate CA, Thomas CJ (September 2017). "Synthesis and N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Activity of Ketamine Metabolites". Organic Letters. 19 (17): 4572–4575. doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02177. PMC 5641405. PMID 28829612.
- ↑ Roth BL, Gibbons S, Arunotayanun W, Huang XP, Setola V, Treble R, Iversen L (2013). "The ketamine analogue methoxetamine and 3- and 4-methoxy analogues of phencyclidine are high affinity and selective ligands for the glutamate NMDA receptor". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e59334. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...859334R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059334. PMC 3602154. PMID 23527166.
- ↑ "CN106478367B - 一种合成氯胺酮的中间体化合物以及氯胺酮的合成方法" (in Chinese). 2016-09-30.
{{cite web}}
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